What is written inside the mezuzah?

Inside a mezuzah case belongs a handwritten parchment scroll containing two Torah passages: Shema, Deuteronomy 6:4–9, and Vehaya Im Shamoa, Deuteronomy 11:13–21. Shulchan Aruch specifies writing these two passages on one sheet (YD 288:1). They express God’s unity, love of God, acceptance of His commandments, and the command to place these words on the doorposts.

The parchment is the essential object; an attractive case cannot replace it. The writing has halachic requirements, so buying a case and inserting a printed copy is not fulfilment of the mitzvah (Rambam, Hilchot Tefillin, Mezuzah VeSefer Torah 5:1). Obtain the scroll from a reliable sofer or supplier who can establish its validity.

Installation customs differ. Shulchan Aruch rules that the scroll is positioned vertically; the Rema recommends a slant to accommodate the differing opinions (YD 289:6). This underlies the familiar Sephardi vertical and Ashkenazi slanted placement. A mezuzah on a private dwelling is checked twice in seven years (YD 291:1), not simply left indefinitely because its case looks intact.

A Beit Din may ask which passages are inside, or distinguish the scroll from its holder. A common mistake is treating it as a magical protection charm. Rambam rejects adding angel names or charms inside the text and turning the mitzvah into an amulet (Hilchot Tefillin, Mezuzah VeSefer Torah 5:4). Its purpose is faithful observance and remembrance of God.