What blessing is said before olives? And after?

Olives receive 'Borei pri ha'etz' ('Creator of the fruit of the tree') before eating because they grow on trees. The after-blessing is 'Me'ein Shalosh' (not 'Borei Nefashot') because olives are one of the Seven Species for which the Land of Israel is praised (Deuteronomy 8:8). All Seven Species fruits: wheat, barley, grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives, and dates, receive the special after-blessing of Me'ein Shalosh, which mentions the land and its produce. This elevated status reflects the spiritual significance of these fruits in Jewish tradition.